Rails are shaped profiles for industrial applications. They consist of three main parts: the head, web and foot. The head is the top part of a rail with a cross-sectional shape that is almost round and a smooth or grooved working surface. The foot is an element whose bottom plane is the supporting surface of a rail. The web joins the head and foot together and is perpendicular to the foot’s plane.
Rolled rails are used to form the track superstructure of main, metro, tram and spur lines, as well as internal transportation systems of industrial enterprises and tracks for quay, overhead, gantry, construction and other cranes. Steel rails are available in many standard sizes, which are selected depending on the final application, and are made of carbon and low-alloy rail steels.
Rail fastenings are hardware designed to fix rails to the seat of the superstructure (blocks, sleepers (railway ties) and timbers), as well as to each other. Fastenings are an essential element of the track, designed to ensure its durability, stiffness and reliability and reduce vibrations transmitted from rails to the bottom parts of the track.
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