When approaching your project, it is crucial to know the type of steel that is best suited for your needs. Different types of steel manufacturing can produce material that performs better for the specific applications. The hot and cold rolled steel manufacturing methods specifically have a great effect on the overall performance of the steel.
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Prior knowledge of distinctions between the two methods can help your company save on time, raw material cost, and additional processing. This article aims to explain the differences between hot and cold rolled steel and discuss the advantages (and limitations) of each.
NOTE: Hot-rolling and cold-rolling should not be mistaken for different grades of steel. Steels of different grades can be produced as hot-rolled or cold-rolled.
Hot-rolling refers to a mill process in which you roll the steel at a temperature above its recrystallization temperature; a heat that typically exceeds ° F.
When steel is heated past its recrystallization point, it becomes more malleable and can be properly formed and shaped. It also allows for the ability to produce larger quantities of steel. The steel is then cooled at room temperature, which “normalizes” it, eliminating the worry for stresses in the material arising when quenching or work-hardening.
When the steel cools off, it will shrink non-uniformly, which gives slightly less control on the overall size and shape of a finished hot-rolled product.
Hot-rolled steel typically has a scaly surface finish. For situations in which the appearance of the material is a concern, the scales can be removed by several techniques: pickling, grinding, or sand-blasting.
These properties make hot-rolled steel most suitable for structural components and other applications where incredibly precise shapes and tolerances are of less importance, such as:
As you might suspect, the manufacturing process behind cold-rolled steel is a bit different. Despite the name, this process refers to steel that is pressed with the pressure of a roller at room temperature.
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Compared to hot-rolled steel, cold-rolled steel has a nearly 20% increase in strength through the use of strain hardening. It’s through a series of breakdown, semi-finishing, sizing, semi-roughing, roughing, and finishing that cold-rolled steel shapes can be created.
Cold-rolling steel allows for the creation of very precise shapes. Since the process is performed at room temperature, the steel will not shrink as it cools, as it does in the hot-rolled process.
The exterior finish of cold-rolled steel is very desirable when aesthetics and visual appeal are a priority in your project.
However, the applications of cold-rolled steel are somewhat limited to a couple of shapes – square, round, flat, and variations thereof.
Typical uses for cold-rolled steel:
If you require large structural components, you will most likely need the hot-rolled steel process to create the parts. For smaller parts that require more precise and durable qualities, then the cold-rolled steel process is the way to go. If you have questions about which mill process you need for your project, feel free to call National Material at 847-806- and ask for one of our skilled customer representatives.
We make both cold rolled strip and cold rolled sheet to your specifications. Cold rolled steel is highly engineered steel made from hot rolled substrate. Cold rolling changes the mechanical properties of steel to better meet specifications for endless applications.
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Compared to hot rolled steel, cold rolled strip provides an improved surface and shape, and can create useful combinations of hardness, strength, stiffness, ductility, and other characteristics. At Worthington, we work with you to help determine the exact chemistry, structure, and process that will yield the cold rolled steel you need for optimal quality and performance.
Because cold-rolled steel can be used in almost any product imaginable (from cars to coins), our wide gauge range from .010 to .375 inches is just the beginning. We can help move your steel manufacturing process along with the expertise, experience, and capacity to add:
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