Currently, clean water is a scarce resource, and several places worldwide are already experiencing water crises. This negative development is not only seen in developing countries – it affects everyone everywhere. Rapidly, the water demand continues to grow because of the increasing population growth. Therefore, we must manage our water efficiency and sustainably to sustain human life. Ceramic membrane technology is crucial to managing our water effectively and sustainably. The ceramic membranes can concurrently optimize your operation by delivering several significant benefits.
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The video below explains how membrane technology enables sustainable water resources management.
Polymeric membranes and ceramic oxide membranes are alternatives to ceramic silicon carbide membranes.
Polymeric membranes can be produced from different materials, such as polysulfone, polyamide, or cellulose acetates. These membranes are heavily used in multiple industries due to their low manufacturing cost and easy scalability. Polymeric membranes are incredibly efficient for reverse osmosis (RO filtration). Due to the dense pore size, the organic material ensures the most optimal and durable performance for this filtration type. Yet, these materials are more inexpensive as they provide a low thermal and chemical strength level, making it challenging to handle aggressive fluids from harsh environments. Depending on the industry the membranes are to operate, this can be a significant disadvantage, leading to a deteriorated liquid filtration process. Likewise, polymeric membranes cannot handle frequent cleaning or sterilization processes, which are otherwise essential in many industries, such as e.g. the processing of food and beverage or pharmaceuticals.
Ceramic membranes are produced from different inorganic materials, such as alumina, titania, zirconia, and silicon carbide. As silicon carbide is the second hardest material in the world, only exceeded by diamonds, this material provides some unique advantages. Read more about the ultra-hard material silicon carbide here. Unlike to polymeric membranes, silicon carbide ceramic membranes deliver mechanical, thermal, and chemical strength – all of which add to a longer membrane lifetime than polymeric membranes can offer. Additionally, ceramic membranes have a higher hydrophilicity level, which provides higher water fluxes and fewer membrane fouling problems than their polymeric counterpart.
Ceramic membranes are heavily employed in preparing process water and for the filtration and purification of wastewater. Membrane technology is increasingly focused on wastewater treatment as it is essential to filter contaminated wastewater streams, especially if they are to be discharged into sensitive areas or waters. Additionally, there are significant growth prospects in employing membrane technology as it enables water reuse and recycling for efficient water management and reduces reliance on external freshwater suppliers. This will eventually open to other relevant industries allowing them to run a more sustainable operation. Applying ceramic membranes in your operation prepares you for the future.
The advantages of utilizing ceramic membrane technology are numerous. Ceramic membranes can be produced from several materials. However, the solid and ultra-hard material silicon carbide provides robustness and durability. It is within this material many of the advantages are. Ceramic silicon carbide membranes provide:
Of all membrane materials, silicon carbide provides the highest water flux, which means that ceramic membranes provide the endurance to manage such a task regardless of what liquid is to be filtered. Furthermore, this material is chemically inert in all pH values from 0-14. This material is also thermally resistant up to 800°C so ceramic membranes can operate in rough conditions and with many liquids. Silicon carbide is a hydrophilic material, meaning that the material is water-loving. This is seen as the surface absorbing liquids. Simultaneously, this material repels oils, which are to be sorted out. Finally, ceramic membranes contribute to economic sustainability due to environmentally sustainable operations, including reduced power usage and operational costs. Likewise, ceramic membranes are exceptionally robust, which provides a long lifetime and, thereby, a low total cost of ownership.
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Advanced technology and innovative thinking are vital in developing new technologies and supporting our constantly improving lifestyle. Ceramic membranes represent one of those technologies that can enhance your growth and the environment’s well-being. Due to the many product features and advantages described above, ceramic membranes also contribute to process stability, low energy consumption, and long lifetime – all of which result in a minimum need for maintenance and support. Simultaneously, it lets you lower your waste materials as concentrated streams produced in the liquid filtration process can be reused in other manufacturing processes. Concentrate streams may contain unused raw materials, benefiting other production areas. Ceramic membranes thereby let you operate a green business with black numbers.
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Ceramic wall-flow monoliths, which are derived from the flow-through cellular supports used for catalytic converters, became the most common type of diesel filter substrate. They are distinguished, among other diesel filter designs, by high surface area per unit volume and by high filtration efficiencies. Monolithic diesel filters consist of many small parallel channels, typically of square cross-section, running axially through the part. Diesel filter monoliths are obtained from the flow-through monoliths by plugging channels as shown in Figure 1. Adjacent channels are alternatively plugged at each end in order to force the diesel aerosol through the porous substrate walls which act as a mechanical filter. To reflect this flow pattern, the substrates are referred to as wall-flow monoliths.
Wall-flow monoliths are most commonly available in cylindrical shapes, as shown in Figure 2, although oval or square cross-section parts are also possible.
Wall-flow filter walls have a distribution of fine pores that have to be carefully controlled in the manufacturing process. Total material porosity is typically between 45 and 50% or higher, while the mean pore size (MPS) usually ranges from 10 to 20 µm. Filtration on monolith wall-flow filters occurs through a combination of cake and depth filtration. Depth filtration is the dominant mechanism on a clean filter as the particulates are deposited in the pore network inside the wall material. As the soot load increases, a particulate layer develops along the wall surface in inlet channels and cake filtration becomes the prevailing mechanism. Typically, monolith filters have filtration efficiencies between about 70 and 95% of total particulate matter (TPM) by mass. Higher efficiencies are observed for solid PM fractions—elemental carbon and metal ash—and for solid particle numbers (PN).
Wall-flow monoliths are typically extrusions made from porous ceramic materials. Materials most commonly used in commercial filters include cordierite and silicon carbide (SiC). Cordierite is a synthetic ceramic developed for flow-through catalyst substrates and subsequently adapted for the filter application. Cordierite filters have been used mostly in heavy-duty engine applications. Silicon carbide has been used for a long time in a number of industries such as semiconductors, abrasives, or high temperature/molten metal contact materials. In the mid-s, SiC was introduced as a filter material for diesel passenger cars and remains common in light-duty applications. Another commercial filter material, aluminum titanate, is also used primarily for light-duty diesel vehicles.
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